TMIST Trial Comparing Breast Cancer Screening Approaches National Cancer Institute

breast cancer on mammogram TMIST Trial Comparing Breast Cancer Screening Approaches National Cancer Institute
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in women, he takes the ultimate place. In most cases, breast cancer develops inside presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, as well as cancer of the nipple as well as the nipple from the field (Paget's disease of the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as the node using a diameter of up to several centimeters. In certain cases, a decent knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating to the surrounding fat, in others - a soft, juicy on the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of prostate is included for a considerable distance, the contours from the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin and forms on the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In certain instances, the tumor spreads along the surface with the breast and the iron is roofed which has a dense shell.

In histological structure will be the following varieties of breast cancers:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancer may be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as an varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which in a position to distinguish different a higher level malignancy. This type of cancer include, particularly, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which will contains the structure of scirrhus, and also Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The causes of cancer of the breast often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, when there is a dynamic restructuring in the hormonal regulation with the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, one's body goes through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining with the uterus) are most attentive to these changes, the breast growth begins to dissolve and be replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that this female hormones estrogen-, plays an integral role inside the progression of cancer of the breast. The excess hormones inside body generates a favorable background for developing the condition. The least active hormones estrogen behave in pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (over one year) to cut back potential risk of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, abortion result in hormonal "explosion" in the woman's body that can trigger the growth and development of tumors. So far there is no consensus in regards to the impact on the growth and development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it is thought that these drugs reduce the risk of developing cancer of the breast, but increase the risk of developing cancer from the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast might cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, and also inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients with a group of first-degree relatives with breast cancer (mothers and sisters) likelihood of creating a tumor increasing by more than half - familial forms of cancer.

Benign breast diseases such as fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone don't lead to cancer, but as well, create an unfavorable background due to the development.

The reason behind cancer of the breast would be the connection between radiation, like irradiation of the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can bring about cancer from the breast and female the reproductive system, having an excess fat within the body, it is a different endocrine organ and actually starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the progression of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are a couple of forms with the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the most typical, is seen as a a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or maybe more, it is characterized by all with the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor with no clear boundaries, "spreading" from the breast and skin. For the first 2 forms are characteristic signs of inflammation: pain with the breast, a bright red colorization of the skin it raises temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of such symptoms often occur, and errors in proper diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which can be named and so are known as these forms cancer of the breast. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover as a "skin" of their contracting and decreasing in space.

In certain instances, breast cancers manifests in the form of metastases in the lymph nodes about the affected side, often doesn't detect the tumor itself - show hidden cancer of the breast.

For small tumors in the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant women and their husbands can easily detect tumor site inside gland by chance, but in a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot can be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in support of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it is stationary or slightly shifted, might be firmly fixed towards the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a tremendous size (greater than three to five cm and sometimes 10-15 cm).

Need to gauge the surface from the skin in the tumor: the malignant process will likely be observed retraction in the skin, buying inside folds, wrinkles, a signal of "lemon peel" - a local swelling of the skin within the tumor, may be a direct tumor invasion to your skin surface, then it will become a bright red color and sprawl as "cauliflower."